• clipping and grazing
• forage quality
• species persistence
• pasture renovation
• pasture herbicides, regarding smutgrass and tropical soda apple

Perennial grasses emphasized:

• stargrass, bermudagrass, bahiagrass, pangolagrass, Brachiaria, and Hemarthria

Annual forages:

• ryegrass, small grains, aeschynomene, red and white clover

Livestock used in perennial grass grazing:

• beef cattle and goats

Phosphate mine land reclamation.

Management of biomass crops for energy.